:: Basic Concepts Of Computer Networking.

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Computer Network-

Computer network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data.
In computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data connections.
Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections (network links) between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media.
The best known computer network is the Internet.

Networking Devices

1) Hub- 


Hub is a hardware device that connect multiple, independent devices with each other via Ethernet Cable with RJ-45.
Hubs connect computers together in a star topology network.Hubs offer an inexpensive option for transporting data between devices, but hubs don't offer any form an intelligence.

2) Repeater-

Repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation.
repeater operates on the physical layer, the first layer of the OSI model.


3) Bridges-


Bridges are used to connect two (or more than two) different distant Network such as Bus or Ring network.
They can also be used to divide large networks into smaller segments.
Bridges operate at both the Physical Layer and the MAC sub-layer of the Data Link Layer.
Bridges read the MAC header of each frame to determine on which side of the bridge then repeats the transmission to the segment where the device is located.


4) Router-


Router is a networking device, commonly specialized hardware that forwards data packets between computer networks.
Router works on Network Layer of OSI model. A router acts as a dispatcher, choosing the best path for information to travel so it's received quickly. read more

5) Modem-


Modem (Modulator-Demodulator) is a device that turns the digital 1s and 0s of a personal computer into sounds that can be transmitted over the telephone lines of Plain Old Telephone Systems (POTS), and once received on the other side, converts those sounds back into a form used by a USB, Ethernet, serial, or network connection.
Modems are generally classified by the amount of data they can send in a given time, normally measured in bits per second, or "bps".

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